No god or goddess of the Folk is as misunderstood as
Vali -- God of Vengeance and Rebirth
In a recent issue of the Asatru magazine Fjallabók
(#5), Rig Konúngr-Agnarsson presented the second part
of a series called "Dark Asatru." In this article he
described Vali as "a murderer, a very unique one; a God
that was bred for slaying." In support of his argument,
he quotes Baldr's Dreams. I contend that there's more
to Vali than murder; indeed, Ragnarök and its final, victorious
outcome rest not only on his survival but on his "murderous"
deed. What exactly do we know of Vali?
From the Poetic Edda is the passage in Baldr's Dreams,
as mentioned by Agnarsson:
Odin said:
"Witch, I will ask, and you shall answer
until there is nothing more to be known:
by whose hand is Hod to die,
who will bring Baldr's bane to the pyre?"
The witch said:
"Vali, born to Rind in the western halls,
will one night old avenge Odin's son.
He won't wash his hands or comb his hair
until Baldr's bane burns on the pyre.
You made me speak, but you'll hear no more."
Baldr's Dreams 1
And in The Lay of Vafthrudnir:
Odin said:
"Far have I traveled, I've tried many things,
against the gods proved my powers -
to which of the gods go the Æsir's possessions
when Surt's fires are spent?"
Vafthrudnir said:
"Vidar and Vali, will live in Valhalla
when Surt's fires are spent,.
Modi and Magni inherit Mjollnir
when the war is over."
The Lay of Vafthrudnir 2
Turning to the Prose, or Younger Edda we first find Vali mentioned
in the Gylfaginning: "Ali or Vali is the name of
one, the son of Odin and Rind. He is bold in battles and a very
good shot." 3
Later in the Gylfaginning we learn that Rind is reckoned
among the Asyniur along with Iord, the mother of Thor. 4
In the Skaldskaparmal we learn that Vali is among the
twelve Æsir seated as judges at Ægir's banquet. 5 The kennings
listed for him are "son of Odin and Rind, stepson of Frigg,
brother of the Æsir, Baldr's avenging As, enemy of Hod
and his slayer, father's homestead-inhabiter." 6
These original sources show a much broader (and brighter)
picture of Vali. He emerges not only as a god of vengeance, but
as one of the Æsir, seated with the others at table and
drink. He is referenced for his courage and his accuracy with
the bow. We see Vali as one of the inheritors of Asgard.
According to the folklore collected by Guerber in The Norsemen
"[Odin's ] third wife was Rinda, a personification of the
hard and frozen earth, who reluctantly yields to his warm embrace,
but finally gives birth to Vali, emblem of vegetation."7
Rinda is called the daughter of Billing, part of whose wooing
is told in Havamal.8
Guerber's sources continue the story,telling how Odin was rebuffed
three times, until finally he became so enraged he struck the
reticent princess with a rune wand which utterly paralyzed her.
He then released her only when she had promised to marry him.9
But most instructive is Guerber's passage on the worship of
Vali: "Vali is god of eternal light, as Vidar is of imperishable
matter; and as beams of light were often called arrows, he is
always represented and worshipped as an archer. For that reason
his month in Norwegian calendars is designated by the sign of
the bow, and is called Lios-beri, the light-bringing. As it falls
between the middle of January and of February, the early Christians
dedicated this month to St. Valentine, who was also a skillful
archer, and was said, like Vali, to be the harbinger of brighter
days, the awakener of tender sentiments, and the patron of all
lovers."10
Civil law among the Vikings followed divine patterns, and
when Vali avenges Baldr, it is his right under that law. 11 Furthermore,
vengeance is his duty if the gods are to insure that Baldr travels
onward to his rest in Hel. Gundarsson in Teutonic Religion
quotes from Njal's Saga to demonstrate that vengeance
seems to be necessary to quiet the dead, and allow them to continue
their journey. 12
This is the basis for Thorsson's assertion in The Book
of Troth that "Vali [is] the god of vengeance, and thus
of rebirth."13Without
Vali, Baldr would lie unavenged, and could not be reborn after
Ragnarök. Hod would not be united with Baldr in Hel, and
would not survive the Doom of the Gods, for what chance has a
blind god against Surt's fiery breath?
Thus we see that far from being a "god of murder",
Vali is in fact the preserver of Asgard's honor and glory, a
god of eternal light and patron of lovers. For following winter
comes the spring, and following murder most foul comes justice
and honor. I offer this toast: To Vali, To Vengeance, To Honor,
To Kin!
[1] Patricia Terry, Poems of the Elder
Edda, 1990, p. 242
[2] ibid., p. 43-44
[3] Snorri Sturluson, trans. by Anthony
Faulkes, Edda, 1987 p. 27
[4] ibid., p. 31
[5] ibid., p. 59
[6] ibid., p. 76
[7] H. A. Guerber, The Norsemen,
1985, p. 38
[8] Terry, p. 24
[9] Guerber, p. 162-164
[10] ibid., p. 165
[11] Jesse L. Byock, Medieval Iceland,
1988, p. 26
[12] Kvedulf Gundarsson, Teutonic Religion,
1993, p. 142-143
[13] Edred Thorsson, A Book of Troth,
1989, p. 179
|
No god or goddess of the Folk is as misunderstood as
|
| Odin said: | |
|
"Witch, I will ask, and you shall answer until there is nothing more to be known: by whose hand is Hod to die, who will bring Baldr's bane to the pyre?" |
|
| The witch said: | |
|
"Vali, born to Rind in the western halls, will one night old avenge Odin's son. He won't wash his hands or comb his hair until Baldr's bane burns on the pyre. You made me speak, but you'll hear no more." |
|
| Baldr's Dreams 1 |
And in The Lay of Vafthrudnir:
| Odin said: | |
|
"Far have I traveled, I've tried many things, against the gods proved my powers - to which of the gods go the Æsir's possessions when Surt's fires are spent?" |
|
| Vafthrudnir said: | |
|
"Vidar and Vali, will live in Valhalla when Surt's fires are spent,. Modi and Magni inherit Mjollnir when the war is over." |
|
| The Lay of Vafthrudnir 2 |
Turning to the Prose, or Younger Edda we first find Vali mentioned in the Gylfaginning: "Ali or Vali is the name of one, the son of Odin and Rind. He is bold in battles and a very good shot." 3 Later in the Gylfaginning we learn that Rind is reckoned among the Asyniur along with Iord, the mother of Thor. 4
In the Skaldskaparmal we learn that Vali is among the twelve Æsir seated as judges at Ægir's banquet. 5 The kennings listed for him are "son of Odin and Rind, stepson of Frigg, brother of the Æsir, Baldr's avenging As, enemy of Hod and his slayer, father's homestead-inhabiter." 6
These original sources show a much broader (and brighter) picture of Vali. He emerges not only as a god of vengeance, but as one of the Æsir, seated with the others at table and drink. He is referenced for his courage and his accuracy with the bow. We see Vali as one of the inheritors of Asgard.
According to the folklore collected by Guerber in The Norsemen "[Odin's ] third wife was Rinda, a personification of the hard and frozen earth, who reluctantly yields to his warm embrace, but finally gives birth to Vali, emblem of vegetation."7
Rinda is called the daughter of Billing, part of whose wooing is told in Havamal.8 Guerber's sources continue the story,telling how Odin was rebuffed three times, until finally he became so enraged he struck the reticent princess with a rune wand which utterly paralyzed her. He then released her only when she had promised to marry him.9
But most instructive is Guerber's passage on the worship of Vali: "Vali is god of eternal light, as Vidar is of imperishable matter; and as beams of light were often called arrows, he is always represented and worshipped as an archer. For that reason his month in Norwegian calendars is designated by the sign of the bow, and is called Lios-beri, the light-bringing. As it falls between the middle of January and of February, the early Christians dedicated this month to St. Valentine, who was also a skillful archer, and was said, like Vali, to be the harbinger of brighter days, the awakener of tender sentiments, and the patron of all lovers."10
Civil law among the Vikings followed divine patterns, and when Vali avenges Baldr, it is his right under that law. 11 Furthermore, vengeance is his duty if the gods are to insure that Baldr travels onward to his rest in Hel. Gundarsson in Teutonic Religion quotes from Njal's Saga to demonstrate that vengeance seems to be necessary to quiet the dead, and allow them to continue their journey. 12
This is the basis for Thorsson's assertion in The Book of Troth that "Vali [is] the god of vengeance, and thus of rebirth."13Without Vali, Baldr would lie unavenged, and could not be reborn after Ragnarök. Hod would not be united with Baldr in Hel, and would not survive the Doom of the Gods, for what chance has a blind god against Surt's fiery breath?
Thus we see that far from being a "god of murder", Vali is in fact the preserver of Asgard's honor and glory, a god of eternal light and patron of lovers. For following winter comes the spring, and following murder most foul comes justice and honor. I offer this toast: To Vali, To Vengeance, To Honor, To Kin!
[1] Patricia Terry, Poems of the Elder
Edda, 1990, p. 242
[2] ibid., p. 43-44
[3] Snorri Sturluson, trans. by Anthony
Faulkes, Edda, 1987 p. 27
[4] ibid., p. 31
[5] ibid., p. 59
[6] ibid., p. 76
[7] H. A. Guerber, The Norsemen,
1985, p. 38
[8] Terry, p. 24
[9] Guerber, p. 162-164
[10] ibid., p. 165
[11] Jesse L. Byock, Medieval Iceland,
1988, p. 26
[12] Kvedulf Gundarsson, Teutonic Religion,
1993, p. 142-143
[13] Edred Thorsson, A Book of Troth,
1989, p. 179